Hydraulic motor



Dec. 22, 1953 c. P. GEEN HYDRAULIC MOTOR Filed Sept. 11, 1950 5 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR CORY B GEEN BY HIS ATTORNEYS Wa hbW Dec. 22 1953 c. p. GEEN 2,663,541

HYDRAULIC MOTOR Filed Sept. 11, 1950 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 4' I v 77 y 117 F INVENTOR l I i CORY F. GEEN I BY HIS ATTORNEYS hbwwfl/a W Dec. 22, 1953 GP. GEEN 2,663,541

HYDRAULIC MOTOR Filed Sept. 11, 1950 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTOR CORY K GEEN BY. HIS ATTORNEYS Dec. 22, 1953 v c. P. GEEN 2,653,541

I HYDRAULIC MOTOR Filed Sept. 11, 1950 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 (EH) P I V TOR R BY HIS ATTORNEYS by valve 22; and further regulation of the flow of the energizing fluid to a group of motors may be effected by a conventional flow-control valve (not shown) located after the valve 22 in the pipe IS.

The general form of the individual motor unit and its mounting is well illustrated in Figs. 3 to 7 of the drawings. The unit comprises a casing 25 which includes a hollow body member 26, a cover member 21 secured to the said body member by screws 28, and a plug 29 threaded into and closing the lower end of the body member. The body member is provided with a stud 3! which extends laterally from a boss 32 on the side of the body member and afiords a means for mounting the motor unit on the rail 1, as hereinafter more fully described.

As shown in Fig. 4, the casing 25 contains a chamber 33 formed in the upper part of the body member 25. The cover 2? forms the top wall of the chamber 33, and the bottom wall 34 slopes downwardly from one side to the other of the chamber and terminates at its lower end in a and 2 and described above, this port, which conport 35. In the assembly illustrated in Figs. 1 stitutes a discharge port for the chamber 33, is connected through the duct I l with the manifold 12.

The body member 26 terminates at the bottom in a tubular extension 36 which is closed at its lower end by the screw plug 29 mentioned above. An anti-friction bearing 31 is mounted in the lower end of the extension, and a similar bearing 33 is mounted in a hollow boss 39, which extends upwardly into the chamber 33 from the bottom wall 34 in alignment with the extension 36 and which in effect forms a continuation of the bore 41 of said extension in the chamber.

The bearings 31 and 38 support a hollow rotor shaft 42 which extends through the chamber 33 and through an opening 43 in the cover member, said opening being sealed by suitable packing 44. Attached to the shaft 42 and occupying a position in the upper part of the chamber 33 is a rotor 45 which will be described in detail below. The rotor shaft is threaded at its lower end for reception of the lower threaded end of the spindle 5, which is supported in the rotor shaft, and the upper end of the shaft, which projects slightly beyond the upper surface of the other part of the motor unit assembly.

The cover member 21 has an inner annular chamber 48 which extends completely around the shaft opening 43. Admission to this chamber is afforded by a tapped port 49 which is formed in the side of the cover member as best illustrated in Fig. 5. In the assembly illustrated in Figs. 1

and 2 and previously described, the port 49 is connected through the duct 8 with the manifold 9.

At diametrically opposite sides respectively of the cover member and equidistant from the port 49, the said member is provided with a pair of ports i and 52 which extend through bosses 53 and 54 on the side wall of the member diagonally downwardly and inwardly to intersect the bottom wall of the cover member at points immediately above and at diametrically opposite sides of the rotor 45. Each of the ports 5| and 52 has intermediate its ends a conical shoulder 55 and an adjoining threaded portion 56 which function respectively as a seat for the inner tapered end portion 51 of a nozzle element 58 and to secure the said element, which is externally threaded at 59, in the port. As best shown in Figs. 8 and 9 the nozzle element 58 is provided at its outer end with slots 6| for reception of a suitable tool by which the said element may be turned into place in or retracted from the port. The outer ends of the ports 5| and 52 are threaded for reception of screw plugs 60 and 62 respectively which seal said outer ends. Communication between the ports 5| and 52 and the chamber 48 is established at points intermediate the nozzle element 58 and the plugs 60 and 62 by way of channels 63 and 64 respectively which are drilled or otherwise formed in the wall of the cover member, said channels, in the present instance, entering through bosses 65 and fifi on the side of the cover member at right angles to and in intersecting relation to the respective ports 5! and 52 and terminating in the chamber 48 as shown in Figs. 3 and '7. In the present instance the outer ends of the channels 63 and 64 are closed by screw plugs 61 and 68.

The rotor 45, as best shown in Figs. 9 to 12, consists essentially of a base ring or hub l I, which is securely fixed on the shaft 42; an annular series of vanes, designated individually by reference numeral 12, which are carried by and extend outward radially from the cylindrical peripheral surface of the hub H; and a shroud 73 which closely embraces and conforms in contour to the outer end edges 10 of the vanes and which is suitably secured to the latter.

The vanes, which are identical, are formed, as shown in Fig. 11, with a rectangular root portion 14 and a concavo-convex working portion 15, the upper and lower edges 16 and ll of which, with reference to the position which the vane asumes in the rotor assembly, diverge outward with respect to each other from the respective corresponding edges of the root portion 14 so that the said working portion 15 is of consider ably greater depth at its outer end than at its inner or root adjoining end. In the present instance the upper edge 16 of the portion 15 forms an angle of 30 with the upper edge 1% of the root portion 14, see Fig. 10, while the lower edge H of the working portion extends at an angle of 15 to the lower edge 19 of the root portion, the said upper and lower edges being normal to the axis of the rotor. Thus the included angle between the edges 16 and H is in the present instance 45". The lower edge 11 is longer than the upper edge 16, so that the end edge 10 of the vane, curving outwardly and downwardly, ex-

tends generally at a substantial angle to a line Bl, Fig. 11, intersecting the inner ends of the said edges.

As shown in Fig. 12. the edges 16 and 11 lie in a common plane correspondingto the plane of the face 82 of the root portion 14; and the working portion 75 is beveled at the top so that edge (5 is defined by a line. In the present instance the face 83 of the said bevel declines rearwardly from the edge 16 at an angle to the said common plane of the edges 16 and H of 113, as indicated in Fig. 12.

In the rotor assembly, the rectangular root portions 14 of the vanes occupy radial slots 84 in 7 the cycle by return to the tank 16. Discharge from the rotor chamber may be by gravity alone or may be assisted by a suitable scavenging pump (not shown) As previously noted, the nozzles 58 are located above and in close proximity to the rotor and direct the streams downward at a relatively flat angle, the streams being intersected by the sharp edges of the vanes as they move in the circular path and thereby entering the reaction areas of the vanes.

The operative relation between the nozzles and rotor are fixed by the facts that the shaft 42, and therefor the rotor, are mounted in fixed position in the casing, and that the cover 21, in which the nozzles are fixed, is supported solidly on the wall of the casing, as shown in Fig. 4. The joint between cover and casing is sealed by a confined O- ring 30 which does not interfere with the metal to metal contact. The bevels 03 of the blades which terminate in the edges 16 are always formed at an angle to the horizontal slightly greater, preferably by about 3, than the angle of the nozzle, see Fig, 12, so that the jet is intersected by the sharp edge 16 and never by the heel of the blade. The said cut-off is thereby clean and free from jet dispersion tendency.

A preferred form of nozzle is illustrated in Fig. 12. As shown the discharge orifice 125 is cylindrical in form and the length of the orifice should not be less than the diameter nor exceed two times the diameter. The nozzle channel I26 which terminates in the orifice should be materially greater in diameter than the orifice and preferably is at least several times greater. The juncture of the inner end of the orifice with the channel should exhibit a curve of large radius, as indicated at I21, not less preferably than four times the orifice diameter, which merges smoothly into the straight sides of the orifice at the inner end of the latter. A nozzle of this construction will be substantially free from turbulence at any pressure and will discharge a solid cylindrical stream which will maintain its form over materially greater distances than those involved in the present application. In general, the nozzles of lesser diameter will exhibit higher speed and lower torque producing properties than those of greater diameter.

The shape and contour of the working face 86 of the vane in conjunction with the angular entry of the fluid at the top of the rotor has an important eifect on the functional characteristics of the motor. The upper edge portion of the working face in the vertical plane containing the jet lies at a small angle to the stream, as indicated in Fig. 12, so that entry of the fluid to the vane in the undispersed jet is shockless; and from the point of impact the fluid, traveling over a long are on the face of the vane toward the discharge tip Ill, is expanded outward radially and downward vertically, this by reason of the progressively increasing area of the said face both horizontally from the inner edge and vertically from the upper edge. The smooth curve of the face terminating in the reversely directed lower edge portion supports the undisturbed flow of the fluid and extracts maximum energy from the fluid stream since the motor functions essentially on the reaction principle. The foregoing characteristics together with the multiplicity of vanes and plural nozzles render the operation of the rotor practically pulseless, and this factor is aided by use of an odd number of vanes which with two nozzles oppositely arranged gives assurance that when a vane is just entering the fluid stream at one side of the rotor the opposite vane is receding past maximum power position. Obviously, an even number of vanes and staggered nozzles would achieve the same result but with more complication in manufacture.

The angle of the top edge 16 of the vane to the horizontal has an important effect on the speed and torque characteristics of the motor. If speed is the primary requisite, the angle between the top edge and the rotor shaft axis should be relatively great, say 60 (see Fig. 10) to 70; and when less speed and more torque is required the angle should he say 50 or less.

The leaving angle of the vane as viewed from the outer end of the vane, designated a in Fig. '12, is preferably from 30 to 50 to the vertical. It will be noted that the tail portion I I! of the vane does not conform to the curvature of the male die I03 by reason of the slight flare of the upper ed e of the female die recess shown at MI in Fig. 18.

The angle of the lower edge ll of the vane to the axis of the rotor shaft may vary. For high speed in the range from 16,500 to 18,000, the angle may suitably be from to for medium speeds-10,000 R. P. M. to 16,500 E. P. M.-with greater torques, an angle in the neighborhood of 75 will be suitable, see Fig. 10; and for low speeds under 7,500 R. P. M. an angle of 65 to 70 may be used, without altering the fact that the rotor normally operates free and clear of its, own wash.

A motor of the aforedescribed design meets all the essential requirements of a unit drive for the individual spindles of textile machines of the type set forth. It complies with the extremely limited spaced requirements and the close grouping of the spindles in such machines. It is readily possible at reasonable pressures, say 500 to 1500 p. s. i., to produce velocities in excess of 15,000 E. P. M. in a unit capable of 4 spacing and carrying a 2%" rotor capable of handling heavy twisting operations on coarse yarns as well as higher speeds on fine count yarns. At these speeds the rotor operates free and clear of its own wash.

It is characteristic of these motors to operate in groups from a common source of fluid energy at highly uniform speeds and torques which thus afford a highly uniform end product due to the positive control over slippage and resulting uniform yarn speed. Relatively high spindle speeds are afiorded beyond the scope of conventional drives for machines of this class, and consequent relatively great output of uniform yarn. The motor has inherent balance, is vibration and substantially wear-free so that maintenance is reduced to a minimum. The units are flooded with operating fluid (oil) and are therefore self-lubricating. No hand oiling is required, materially reducing labor costs, and the frames stay clean and oil-free. Oil damage to the yarn is elimi nated. Machines utilizing the drive are relatively simple and trouble-free, and can contain a greater number of spindles.

The embodiment of the invention shown in Figs. 20, 21 and 22 involves a material change in the cover member and in the arrangement of the nozzles in the cover. In this case the chamber 48 of the previously described cover member 2'! has been eliminated, and the nozzles, of which one is shown at [3| in Fig. 22, are mounted in hollow bosses I32 and I33 in the cover and are connected to the source of fluid pressure by individua1 flexible ducts I34 and E35 coupled into the outer ends of the said bosses.

dwial a m sa 1 0 Wall orthe;; xhension l61.. IIlh drivin aspl n withmhe; plug qlfi llhasialafih piisayi-fiw'f .Whi h izceed's' the;Meamnce1ghe wefini-tm mmbar VH and; the gcasinglwallg, Jlimited free mov me t p therlowar lend ofiltlmls file sihmmovidesi or thqmowemient. Min li a d i9 l m clea an e. l tweenllielmemhepal 15;? 1.1 tiled ain and-ih il b Jzhe ilwhich normally dalmplenpdin 01 at. r ccupiesl lm i pish ca action turbine comprising in combination: (A) a rotor comprising a hub, an annular shroud substantially coplanar and concentric with said hub, the inner surface of said shroud having substantially the shape of the surface of a spherical segment between parallel planes both of which lie on the same side of the equator, a plurality of concave-convex vanes arranged in equal circumferentially-spaced relation between said hub and shroud, the inner and outer edges of said vanes lying on said hub and inner surface of said shroud respectively, the axial extent of the outer ends of .said vanes being substantially greater than the axial extent of the inner ends of said vanes, and the inner ends of the lateral edges of said vanes lying in axially spaced planes which are inwardly-of the planes defining said spherical segment, (B) a nozzle arranged to project a power stream of liquid at an acute angle to the front face of the rotor, said turbine being characterized further in that the stream intercepting faces of the vanes when in stream-intercepting position are substantially parallel to the axis of the nozzle orifice, and the circumferential spacing of the vanes is such that the power stream of liquid can impinge on only those portions of the work faces of the vanes which lie between the radial median lines of the vanes and the stream intercepting edges thereof.

4. A liquid powered single stage impu action turbine comprising in combination: (A) a rotor comprising a hub, an annular shroud substantially coplanar and concentric with said hub, the inner surface of said shroud having substantially the shape of the surface of a spherical segment between parallel planes both of which lie on the same side of the equator, a plurality of concave-convex vanes arranged in equal circumferentially-spaced relation between said hub and shroud, the inner and outer edges of said vanes lying on said hub and inner surface of said shroud respectively, and the lateral edges of said vanes diverging radially outwardly from said hub, (B) a nozzle arranged to project a power stream of liquid atan acute angle to the front face of the rotor, Said turbine being characterized further in that the stream intercepting faces of the vaneswhen in stream-intercepting position are substantially parallel to the axis of the nozzle. orifice, and the circumferential spacing of the vanes is such that the power stream of liquid can impinge on only those portions of the work faces of the vanes which'lie' between the radial median lines of the vanes and the stream intercepting edges thereof.

5. A liquid powered single stage impulse-reaction turbine comprising in combination: (A) a rotor comprising a hub, an annular shroud substantially coplanar and concentric with said hub, the inner surface of said shroud having substantially the shape of the surface of a spherical segment between parallel planes both of which lie on the same side of the equator, a plurality of concavo-convex vanes arranged in equal circumferentially-spaced relation between said hub and shroud, the inner and outer edges of said vanes lying onrsaid hub and inner surface of shroud respectively, the lateral edges of said vanes diverging radially outwardly from said hub, and the outwardly extending median lines on the concavo-convex surfaces of said vanes extending chordwise of the. rotor, (B) a nozzle arranged to project a power stream of liquid at an acute angle to the front face of the rotor, said turbine being characterized further in that the stream intercepting faces of the vanes when in stream-intercepting position are substantially parallel to the axis of the nozzle orifice, and the circumferential spacing of the vanes is such that the power stream of liquid can impinge on only those portions of the work faces of thevvanes which lie between the radial median lines of the vanes and the stream intercepting edges thereof.

6. A liquid powered single stage impulse-reaction turbine comprising in combination: (A) a rotor comprising a hub, an annular shroud substantially coplanar and concentric with said hub, the inner surface of said shroud having substantially the shape of the surface of a spherical segment between parallel planes both of which lie on the same side of the equator, a plurality of concavo-convex vanes arranged in equal circumferentially-spaced relation between said hub and shroud, the inner and outer edges of said vanes lying on said hub and inner surface of said shroud respectively, the axial extent of the outer ends of said vanes being substantially greater than the axial extent of theinner ends of said vanes, the-inner ends of the lateral edges of said vanes lying in axially spaced planes which are inwardly of the planes definin said spherical segment, and the outwardly extending median lines on the concavo-convex surfaces of said vanes extending chordwise of the rotor, (B) a nozzle arranged to project a power stream of liquid at an acute angle to the front face of the rotor, said turbine being characterized further in that the stream intercepting faces of the vanes when in stream intercepting position are substantially parallel to the axis of the nozzle orifice, and the circumferential spacing of the vanes is such that the power stream of liquidcan impinge on only those portions of the work faces of the vanes which lie between the radial median lines of the vanes and the stream intercepting edges thereof.

7. A liquid-powered single stage impulse-reaction turbine comprising in combination: (A) a rotor comprising a hub, an annular shroud substantially coplanar and concentric with said hub, the inner surface of said shroud having substantially the shape of the surface of a spherical segment between parallelplanes both of which lie on the same side of the equator, the plane most remote from the equator forming the front face of the rotor, a plurality of concavo-convex vanes arranged in equal circumferentially-spaced relation between said hub and shroud, the inner and outer edges of said vanes lying on said hub and inner surface of said shroud respectively, and the axial extent ofthe outer ends of said vanes being substantially greater than the axial extent of the inner ends of said vanes, the inner ends of the lateral edges of said vanes lying in axially spaced planes which are inwardly of the planes defining said spherical segment, and the outwardly extending median lines on the concaVo-convex surfaces of said vanes extending chordwise of the rotor; and (B) a nozzle arranged to project a thin high-velocity stream of liquid against the front face of said rotor e a power shaft; (B) a'ro'tor, hay

spaced relation, and".(iii) an the power stream ofjlid'uid; ca mpinge on" those portions of the work; faces fojf the which lie between the radial me ian lines of the vanes and the stream intercepting edg''s thereof. 7 w, 4. M

8. A liquid-powered single stage iinpfulsfeqeaction turbine comprising cofn 's back radially-extending rates, ethic-ri in o a hub secured to said shaft, (ii) a' plurality oi vanes carried by said h" ane eiite'ndifig r'adially therefrom in "equal, cir

around the outer ends of's'aid v v go nozzle arranged to project a'thi'n high-Vial ity pdwe'r} stream of liquid along a line whji'c forms an acute angle with'the front'facefoft intersects the vane area", there tangentially at a substantial d a inwardly of the outer ends of eaiavenes; (D) said vanes on the frontfae ofth vided with power-street" intercepting edges which incline axially foitii i'iilyaliid'jlfjad ially outwardly and having clear f r v of their power-stream intercepting "edges, safid turbine being characterizedfu'rtherl injlthat the stream intercepting facesof theyaries when' in stream-intercepting position Har'ef substantially parallel to the-axis of therioz'zle OTlfiGG' Q, the circumferential spacingof'thefvanesjis ch hat the power stream of liquid can impingeion eriiy those portions of the Work faces of the gates which lie between the radiallri'iedian linesofthe J vanes and the stream intercepting edges thereof. 9. A liquid-powered single stage impulse-freaction turbine comprising in combination: (A')"a power shaft; (B) a rotor having front and back radially-extending faces comprisingfi) a hub secured to said shaft, (ii) ,a plurality of vanes carried by sa'idhub' and extending radially therefrom in equal circumferentially spaced relation, and (iii) an annular shroud around the outer ends of said vanes; (C) a nozzle arrangedto project a thinhigh-velocity' power-stream of liquid along a linewhich forms an acute angle with the front face of the rotor and intersects the vane area thereof substantially tangentially at a substantial distance radiallyinwardly of the outer ends of said vanes; (D) said vanes, (i) on the front face of the rotor provided with powerstream intercepting edges which inclinea'x'ially forwardly and radiallyoutwardly, and (ii) having working faces which are concave with the median lines of the vanes and' the stream interoepting edges thereof.

10. A liquid-powered single stage impulse-reaction turbine comprising in combination: (A) a power shaft; (B) a rotor having front and back radially-extending faces comprising, (i) a hub secured to said shaft, (ii) aplurality of vanes carried by said hub and extending radially therejwith the front raced: n "roto'r axially forwardly andr from edual c'irchinf erraeiiyf'seeeee relation and anannularshroud {around the outer' ends of said" anes (C) a nozzlef arranged" to project a thin' lrigl'F' veloci'ty power-stream of liquid along a lime which forms an acute angle with the frontfa'cejof t eme: and'-'intersects the'vane' 'area tliere stib'st lly tangentially atajsubstantia'l distance dially' y of the "outer endsof' said "vanes? (D) saidvane s cir cumferentially'spa M disc that the-distance be tween adj acent'power-str' intercepting edges in relation to the size of the orifice in saidnozzle is" such that' when'th'e' a xi sfof suc orifice bisects the space between two adjacent ower-streain intercepting edges subst tiaily all of firepower st m'w l er 1 ihspace Sa -rb echaracterized further in "that the streanr' int'er j t es o thiv'a i w e e l ter'cept'ing position are "substantially'parallel to 'ferential spacing {of the varies 'issuch that "the power-stream of '11 id" can impinge ononly those portionsof tlieworlcfaces ofth'e vanes which 'lie between the radial meeiein -,1mee' of the vanes and the" s'tre'anf intercepting edges thereof. 7 b b 11'. A liquid-powered single'stage impulse-reaction'turbinecomprisirr inbi'nationz-(A) a power shaft; (B)ajr; t'o'r"h a rigifront a nd'backradially-extending faces corn Q g V i secured to said shaft (ii) 'pliirality o ifa ne's carried by said huba extend ng eieuy therefrom in equal circ'umferentiallyspaced relation, and (iii) an annular shroud around the eater ends of said vanes; (C) a zz'lear'rariged to project a thin hig'hwe strea'rn o'f liquid along"alin""wh1'c ofnis'a acute-angle d ett an ent wa r'dly of the vane areathereof 'sub'st at a slibs talitl'ard the outer" ends? of sa on the front face offtl e power-fstrearnv intercepting or provided with es Which 'inclin'e "b w fd kfi i i cumfere'ntially spaced so t t" the distance between adjacent", pawer-stre nr intercepting edges is such that whenv thea'xis of such orifitxebi sect's theffspace betw "two adjacent pewerstream intercepting gQS 's'ilbsta'nti'ally all of the ,pow retreamw u-eat r such sp'ac',"an'd (iii) having theiedg'esbf their' ork faceswhich lie opposite their power-i-streani intercepting edges extending for, "a slibsta'ntial' distance" raidi'ally outwardly; offsaid; power-stream intercepting edges, saidi t r'ine" b'eiiig"'charaictrized further in that thesjtr eam intercepting faces of the vanes when in'stieanr-intercepting position are.substantially'paraliel tothe' axis of the ridz zle orifice, and the, inferential spacing f the vanes is such that the an p n nt myi f esp th l 'a s W 1 h ween: the radial i master action turbin'ecompr g n c mbina on: (A) a power shaft; (B) a rotor having" front and back radially-extending faces comprising, (i) a hub secured to said shaft, (ii) a plurality of vanes carried by said hub and extending radially therefrom in equal circumferentiallyspaced relation, and (iii) an annular shroud around the outer ends of said vanes; (C) a nozzle arranged to project a thin high-velocity power-stream of liquid e t .i/ans' and" the" stream interalong a line which forms an acute angle with the front face of the rotor and intersects the vane area thereof substantially tangentially at a substantial distance radially inwardly of the outer ends of said vanes; (D) said vanes, (i) circumferen-tially spaced so that the distance between adjacent power-stream intercepting edges in relation to the size of the orifice in said nozzle is such that when the axis of such orifice bisects the space between two adjacent power-stream intercepting edges substantially all of the power stream will enter such space, (ii) having working faces which are concave with the mid-areas thereof deviating from a radial line in the same direction as the direction of rotation of the rotor so that when in power-stream intercepting position their work faces adjacent their powerstream intercepting edges are substantially parallel to the axis of the nozzle and such work faces at the opposite edges of the vanes are sub.- stantially at right angles to the axis of the nozzle, (iii) having the edges of their work faces which lie opposite their power-stream intercepting edges extending for a substantial distance radially outwardly of said power-stream intercepting edges, and (iv) having clearance on the back side of their power-stream intercepting edges, said turbine being characterized further in that the circumferential spacing of the vanes is such that the power stream of liquid can impinge on only those portions of the work faces of the vanes which lie between the radial median lines of the vanes and the stream intercepting edges thereof.

13. A liquid-powered single stage impulse-reaction turbine comprising in combination: (A) a power shaft; (B) a rotor having front and back radially-extending faces comprising, (i) a hub secured to said shaft, (ii) a plurality of vanes carried by said hub and extending radially therefrom in equal circumferentially spaced relation, and (iii) an annular shroud around the outer ends of said vanes; (C) a nozzle arranged to project a thin high-velocity power-stream of liquid along a line which forms an acute angle with the front face of the rotor and intersects the vane area thereof substantially tangentially at a substantial distance radially inwardly of the outer ends of said vanes; (D) said vanes, (i) on the front face of the rotor provided with powerstream intercepting edges which incline axially forwardly and radially outwardly, (ii) circumferentially spaced so that the distance between adjacent power-stream intercepting edges in relation to the size of the orifice in said nozzle is such that when the axis of such orifice bisects the space between two adjacent power-stream intercepting edges substantially all of the power stream will enter such space, (iii) having working faces which are concave with the mid-areas thereof deviating from a radial line in the same direction as the direction of rotation of the rotor so that when in power-stream intercepting position their work faces adjacent their powerstream intercepting edges are substantially parallel to the axis of'the nozzle and such work faces at the opposite edges of the vanes are substantially at right angles to the axis of the nozzle, (iv) having the edges of their work faces which lie opposite their power-stream intercepting edges extending for 'a substantial distance radially outwardly of said power-stream intercepting edges, and (v) having clearance on the back side of their power-stream intercepting edges; and (E) a fluid-collecting housing around the back face of said rotor in such spaced relation thereto as to permit discharge of the work stream from the vanes as individual reaction streams, said turbine being characterized further in that the circumferential spacing of the vanes is such that the power stream of liquid can impinge on only those portions of the work faces of the vanes which lie between the radial median lines of the vanes and the stream intercepting edges thereof.

14. A liquid powered single stage impulse-reaction turbine comprising in combination: (A) a rotor comprising a hub, a plurality of concavoconvex vanes extending radially from said hub in equal circumferentially-spaced relation, (B) a nozzle'arranged to project a power stream of liquid at an acute angle to the front face of the rotor, said turbine being characterized further in that the stream intercepting faces of the vanes when in stream-intercepting position are substantially parallel to the axis of the nozzle orifice, the circumferential spacing of the vanes is such that the power stream of liquid can impinge on only those portions of the work faces of the vanes which lie between the radial median lines of the vanes and the stream intercepting edges thereof, and the stream-intercepting edges of said vanes extending radially outwardly and axially forwardly from said hub toward said nozzle.

CORY 'P. GEEN.

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